Grapevine Pests and Disease

In this course we want students to acquaint themselves with the variety and types of diseases and pests in the vineyards in our area and beyond. Students learn the importance of natural factors that later affect the sanitary state in the vineyards. They learn to distinguish pathological changes in the grapevine from physiological ones. Get acquainted with the conditions necessary for the emergence of fungal diseases and pests on grapevine and with the fundamental biochemical processes between pathogenic and vines. Get acquainted with current knowledge about the most common diseases and pests, as well as what you can expect in this field in the future. They are trained to visually and microscopically determine some important diseases and pests, and to control them by mechanical measures and plant protection products. Students are acquainted in detail with conventional, integrated and organic production of grapes. Students are able to distinguish all these ways of production and become familiar with the natural conditions, and different technologies that enable integrated and organic production of grapes. Students will acquire the knowledge to work independently in managing diseases and pests vine.

Knowledge of microbiology, phisiology and safety at work and safety regulations

LECTURES
• Clarification of concepts (phytopathology, phytopharmacy, entomology ...), causes of changes in the grapevine. What is disease and medical condition of a plant – whay it happens? The importance of natural factors in disease states of a vine.
• Pathological changes in the grapevine, how to recognize and distinguish between them. The causes and types of injuries and their severity.
• Fungal diseases of the vine (classification) phytopathogenic fungi, the conditions for the emergence of mycoses, the infection process, expression of symptoms). Protection of vineyards against fungal diseases
• Viral, bacterial and fitoplazmic diseases of grapevine (symptomatology, demonstration and prevention of these disease states).
• Resistance mechanisms of vine to plant diseases and plant defense reactions against pathogens.
• The importance of insect pests in the protection of vineyards.
• Morphology, physiology and biology of the most important pests of vine. Types and signs of plant organs damage. Basics determination of insect pests in vineyards.
• Monitoring and ways of monitoring insect pests, damage threshold values and decision threshold values.
• Insects and vineyard as an integral part of the ecosystem (Bug – man relationship). Methods of vineyard protection against phytophagous insects
• Phytophagous mites in the vineyard protection (their morphology, physiology and biology). Types and signs of plant organs damage and fundamentals of mite determination. Methods of protection against phytophagous mites.
• Nematodes as direct and indirect grapevine viruses cariers (the importance of nematodes as virose vectors viroses).
• Plant protection products in the process of grapevine protection. Their classification according to the field operation, area of operation). The uptake of protection produts in plants, mechanisms of action, duration of use, the use of protecting agents in accordance with good agricultural practice.
• Safe working with protecting agents and statutory provisions.
• Clarification of terms - conventional, integrated, organic/ecological viticulture. Guidelines of integrated and organic viticulture.
• Organic/Ecological vineyard - the ecosystem or not?
• Policies governing the integrated and organic farming organizations such production.
• Comparison of integrated and organic production in other wine-producing countries.
• Protection against diseases and pests in organic and integrated viticulture.
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EXERCISES

The exercises will be conducted in the laboratory, where students will look at under a microscope signs and pathogens. Symptoms of the disease will visit on field work in the vineyard.

• knowledge of the variety and types of diseases and pests in vineyards in our area and beyond.
• Knowledge of the natural factors that influence sanitary state in the vineyards.
• Separation between pathological and physiological changes in the grapevine.
• Knowledge of the occurrence of fungal diseases and pests on grapevine and of basic biochemical processes between pathogenic organisms and vines.
• current knowledge of the most common diseases and pests as well as predictions for the future
• Visual and microscopic determination of some important diseases and pests,
• control of pests and dieases by mechanical measures and plant protection agents.
• Deepening of knowledge about conventional, integrated and organic production of grapes.
• Knowledge of the natural conditions and the various technologies for integrated and organic production of grapes.
• Independent and professional management of diseases and pests of vine.

• Agrios, N. G. 1995. Plant pathology. Third edition, Academic Press Inc., Harcourt Brače Jovanovich Publishers, San Diego, New York, Boston, London, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, 801 s. Catalogue E-version
• Bavec, M. s soavtorji. 2003. Catalogue dovoljenih sredstev za ekološko kmetovanje 2003
• Gomboc, S. s sod. 2002. Priročnik o fitofarmacevtskih sredstvih v Republiki Sloveniji. 3. izdaja. Ljubljana, Društvo za varstvo rastlin Slovenije: 814 s.
• Kropivšek, D. s soavtorji. 2002. Pravilnik o integrirani pridelavi grozdja in vina in tehnološka navodila za integrirano pridelavo grozdja za leto 2003, s. 35
• Maček, J.; Kač, M. 1990. Kemična sredstva za varstvo rastlin. ČZP Kmečki glas. Ljubljana, 500 s.
• Maček, J. 1990. Posebna fitopatologija, Patologija sadnega drevja in vinske trte. 2. izdaja Univerza Edvarda Kardelja, VDO Biotehniška fakulteta, VTOZD za adronomijo. Ljubljana, 275 s. Catalogue
• Pollini, A. 1998. Manuale di entomologia applicata. Edagricole – Edizioni agricole. Bologna, Roma, Milano, 1459 s.
• Vršič, S.; Lešnik, M. 2001. Vinogradništvo. Založba kmečki glas. Ljubljana, 215-346 Catalogue
• Additional study literature from professional journals and scientific articles.

Colloquium exam 50 % 50 %

Higher lecturer for the field of Fitopathology.
Selected publications
1. VIRANT-DOBERLET, Meta, ŽEŽLINA, Ivan. Vibrational communication of Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, ISSN 0013-8746, 2007, letn. 100, št. 1, str. 73-82. [COBISS.SI-ID 22427097], [WoS do 9. 5. 2015: št. citatov (TC): 13, čistih citatov (CI): 9, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 8, Scopus do 10. 2. 2016: št. citatov (TC): 13, čistih citatov (CI): 10, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 9]
2. ŽEŽLINA, Ivan, ŠKVARČ, Andreja, RUSJAN, Denis, TRDAN, Stanislav. The efficacy of different spraying programs against two fungal pathogens in organic grape production. Journal of plant diseases and protection, ISSN 1861-3829. [Print ed.], 2010, vol. 117, no. 5, str. 220-225. [COBISS.SI-ID 6445689], [WoS do 17. 1. 2013: št. citatov (TC): 1, čistih citatov (CI): 1, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 1, Scopus do 18. 3. 2014: št. citatov (TC): 2, čistih citatov (CI): 2, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 3]
3. ŽEŽLINA, Ivan, ŠKVARČ, Andreja, BOHINC, Tanja, TRDAN, Stanislav. Testing the efficacy of single applications of five insecticides against Scaphoideus titanus on common grapevines. International journal of pest management, ISSN 0967-0874, 2013, vol. 59, no. 1, str. 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2012.735378, doi: 10.1080/09670874.2012.735378. [COBISS.SI-ID 7363705], [WoS do 3. 1. 2015: št. citatov (TC): 2, čistih citatov (CI): 2, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 2, Scopus do 10. 12. 2014: št. citatov (TC): 2, čistih citatov (CI): 2, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 2]
4. MEHLE, Nataša, BRZIN, Jernej, BOBEN, Jana, HREN, Matjaž, FRANK, Jana, PETROVIČ, Nataša, GRUDEN, Kristina, DREO, Tanja, ŽEŽLINA, Ivan, SELJAK, Gabrijel, RAVNIKAR, Maja. First report of Candidatus phytoplasma mali in Prunus avium, P. armeniaca and P. domestica. Plant Pathology, ISSN 0032-0862, 2007, vol. 56, iss. 4, str. 721. [COBISS.SI-ID 22934233], [WoS do 9. 5. 2015: št. citatov (TC): 5, čistih citatov (CI): 3, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 3, Scopus do 9. 6. 2015: št. citatov (TC): 7, čistih citatov (CI): 5, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 5]
5. DREO, Tanja, PIRC, Manca, ŽEŽLINA, Ivan, POLIAKOFF, Françoise, RIVOAL, Carène, NICE, Flora, CUNTY, Amandine, RAVNIKAR, Maja. First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Slovenia. Plant disease, ISSN 0191-2917, 2014, vol. 98, no. 11, str. 1578, doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0513-PDN. [COBISS.SI-ID 3204175], [WoS do 3. 2. 2016: št. citatov (TC): 3, čistih citatov (CI): 3, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 1, Scopus do 3. 2. 2016: št. citatov (TC): 3, čistih citatov (CI): 3, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 1]
6. MAVRIČ PLEŠKO, Irena, VIRŠČEK MARN, Mojca, SELJAK, Gabrijel, ŽEŽLINA, Ivan. First report of Grapevine Pinot gris virus infecting grapevine in Slovenia. Plant disease, ISSN 0191-2917, 2014, vol. 98, no. 7, str. 1014, doi: 10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1137-PDN. [COBISS.SI-ID 4397928], [WoS do 28. 7. 2014: št. citatov (TC): 0, čistih citatov (CI): 0, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 0, Scopus do 2. 5. 2015: št. citatov (TC): 2, čistih citatov (CI): 2, normirano št. čistih citatov (NC): 1]
7. MEHLE, Nataša, BRZIN, Jernej, BOBEN, Jana, HREN, Matjaž, FRANK, Jana, PETROVIČ, Nataša, GRUDEN, Kristina, DREO, Tanja, ŽEŽLINA, Ivan, SELJAK, Gabrijel, RAVNIKAR, Maja. First report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' in Prunus avium, P. armeniaca and P. domestica. New disease reports, august 2006-january 2007, vol. 14, [2 str.]. [COBISS.SI-ID 1673807]
8. VIRŠČEK MARN, Mojca, MAVRIČ PLEŠKO, Irena, UREK, Gregor, MYRTA, Arben, ŽEŽLINA, Ivan. First report of Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid and Hop Stunt Viroid in Prunus in Slovenia. Journal of plant pathology, ISSN 1125-4653, 2006, letn. 88, št. 3, Supplement, str. S67. [COBISS.SI-ID 2424936]